As to 160 edpi it's around 80cm/360 meaning that if a pro is playing on a 500x500mm pad (typical of artisan XXL or LGG XLSQ) and their mouse is in the centre one swipe is around 90 degrees (since your mouse sensor won't reach the edge of the pad) and one full mousepad swipe is 180 degrees. Not sure as to why every pro likes to go lower sens but I personally see my static scores go up w/ lower sens in aimlabs (which is probably the most important for Valorant for first bullet accuracy). Most pros probably just found a sens that was a nice round number and that had all of the above included.
As to why 1600 dpi - this is to do if the pro is using above 1000 Hz polling rate on their mouse. You can probably find some ppl on yt or reddit who do the math as to why if you use over 1k Hz polling you should use 1600+ dpi.